Research

The full evidence review — the citable version of this work. Cohort-by-cohort epidemiology, the biological mechanisms with their evidentiary status, an explicit Bradford Hill causal appraisal, the evidence gaps, and full disclosures — with every effect size traced to a verifiable source.

The full evidence review — the citable version of this work. Human biomonitoring detections, estimated intake, what the toxicology does and does not show, and the unresolved margin-of-exposure question — with every figure traced to a verified source.

The full evidence review — the citable version of this work. US PFAS biomonitoring, the race/income geography of exposure, the Cancer Alley acute case, and an explicit association-versus-causation account — every figure traced to a verified source.

The full evidence review — the citable version of this work. The near-transfer vs far-transfer distinction, the large-scale Owen test, the consensus reviews, the 2014 dispute, the FTC/Lumosity line, and the bounded ACTIVE evidence — every claim traced to a verified source.

A ~2,000-word summary of the headline conclusions, for readers who want the bottom line. A faithful compression of the full evidence review above.

A ~1,600-word summary: microplastics are detectable in human blood, stool, and placenta and estimated intake is large, but whether current exposure harms health is not established. A faithful compression of the full evidence review.

A summary: PFAS are measurable in nearly all US residents and persist despite phase-outs, and proximity to polluting facilities tracks race and income. Presence and distribution are established; individual causation is not. A faithful compression of the full review.

A summary: cognitive-training games reliably improve the tasks you practice, but broad transfer to general, everyday cognition is weak and contested. Near transfer is established; far transfer is not. A faithful compression of the full review.